To fully implement the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) of 2003, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) has developed a multiple-measure, multiple-method data collection strategy. One of these data collection activities, the National Inmate Survey (NIS), involves obtaining information directly from male and female adult inmates on their experiences with sexual assault. Building on the knowledge gained from the first two years of the NIS, RTI's role in this project is to prepare a touch-screen audio computer-assisted self-interviewing instrument to measure the incidence and effects of sexual assault in correctional facilities and to determine the common characteristics of both the victims and the perpetrators of these crimes. RTI's responsibilities also include data collection, data processing, data analysis, and reporting of this study conducted in approximately 650 correctional facilities. Results allow BJS to report valid yearly estimates of the incidence and effects of sexual assault among inmates. The major challenge arises from the fact that victimization, particularly sexual assault by a same-sex perpetrator, is an extremely sensitive and taboo subject that introduces complexities for collecting self-report data. However, RTI's extensive experience developing and managing complex surveys on sensitive matters makes it uniquely positioned to successfully meet the challenging demands of this project.