This study tracks offenders released from prison in 2004 who were studied in a previous RTI project. For this project, researchers are examining the situational factors that impact offenders’ desistance from crime and violence. This consists of obtaining data from Indiana and South Carolina Departments of Corrections for record of life time incarcerations and conducting in-person interviews with men to collect information on demographics, attitudes, life events, and criminal activity. Long-term outcomes will help researchers better understand whether cognitive transformation is necessary as a prerequisite to desistance.