RTI International is developing an on-site waste treatment and toilet system designed for communal or shared applications as part of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s Reinvent the Toilet Challenge. RTI’s reinvented toilet system is designed to be a self-contained unit that collects human waste through a squat plate designed for low water quantity flush, and then separates and treats the waste within the same unit. RTI constructed the second prototype in Ahmedabad, India. Primary research objectives for data collection were to conduct qualitative assessments of current behaviors, beliefs, and preferences regarding sanitation, with a focus on water reuse in the RTI system, women’s menstrual hygiene management, and men’s practices and preferences. Data revealed a desire for gender-separated stalls based on social norms and safety concerns. The gender segregation of public facilities led to minimal stated concerns regarding privacy or safety. Participants also noted some behaviors, which may be “pre-emptive” behaviors to secure their safety; women tended to switch to informal in-home washing stations, for urination at night instead of traveling outside to public facilities. Women felt some lack of privacy, or did not feel welcome to use public facilities, during menstruation. Findings will directly affect decisions made regarding adjustments to the user interface for RTI’s beta prototype and will inform system development in the long term through identifying important features that may affect user adoption.