The literature on HIV risk and alcohol use among Latino labor migrants documents numerous risk factors, such as multiple sex partners, sex with female sex workers, sex between men, low condom use, high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and high alcohol use that co-occurs with sexual activities. Although no studies document the high prevalence of HIV among this population, documented risk behaviors and environmental conditions suggest that if HIV enters Latino migrant day laborer (LMDL) networks, there is a high likelihood of an epidemic. Also, existing studies focus almost exclusively on behavioral risk with little consideration of the context of such risk. The aim of this study was to explore the structural-environmental factors associated with alcohol-related sexual HIV risk in LMDLs. A main objective was to develop and test a theoretical model of risk and prevention in LMDLs coping frequently with alcohol-related situations in which safer sex is difficult to practice. Results informed recommendations for developing structural-environmental prevention interventions to decrease alcohol-related sexual HIV risk in LMDLs.